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AI search glossary
Find plain definitions for AI search terms and learn which evidence belongs with each word in a report.
Terms A to Z
AEO
Answer engine optimisation. Work on how information appears in direct answers, including AI answers.
Read the guideAI Overview
An AI answer shown within Google Search. Record whether it appeared and which sources it linked.
Read the guideAI SEO
A label for AI search optimisation or using AI tools for SEO. Ask which meaning is intended.
Read the guideAI visibility
How your business appears in the AI answers you check. Those answers are a sample of AI search.
Read the guideAnswer engine
A system that responds to questions with answers. It may also show source links or search results.
Read the guideAPI capture
An answer collected through a programming interface. It can differ from what the consumer app shows.
Read the guideAttribution
The method that links a visit or outcome to a recorded source. Say what it can't see.
Read the guideBaseline
The starting record you keep before a change. It needs a date and the same measurement rules.
Read the guideBranded question
A question that names your business. Keep these separate from questions that do not name it.
Read the guideBusiness fact
A detail your business can support with a current record and a named owner.
Read the guideCapture coverage
Readable answers divided by requested attempts. Show missing captures separately.
Read the guideCausation
One change producing another. A before and after sequence alone can't show it.
Read the guideCitation
A source link attached to an answer. Check which statement the linked page actually supports.
Read the guideCitation rate
A rate calculated from a stated citation rule and a stated total. A different rule gives a different rate.
Read the guideConsumer app
The app or website a person uses to ask an assistant. Record its context separately from an API.
Read the guideControl
A comparison kept apart from the change being tested. Its design affects what you can conclude.
Read the guideCrawler
Software that requests website pages. A crawler visit isn't a mention, a citation or a customer visit.
Read the guideDenominator
The total you divide by when calculating a rate. Name the actual population it counts.
Read the guideGrounding
Connecting an answer to supplied or retrieved information. Check that the cited source supports the statement beside it.
Read the guideIndexing
A search system adding a page to its index. Being eligible and being chosen are different things.
Read the guideLarge language model
The kind of AI model behind assistants such as ChatGPT, Gemini and Claude. It generates text from learned patterns and the context supplied. Web access depends on the tools it is given.
Read the guideMention
An answer names the business. It may name it without linking to the business website.
Read the guideMention rate
Answers naming a business divided by readable answers, under the stated counting rule.
Read the guideMissing capture
An attempted observation that produced no readable answer. It doesn't show your business was left out.
Read the guideNon-branded question
A question that does not name your business. It can help review answers about a customer need.
Read the guidePercentage point
The difference between two percentages. Twenty to thirty percent is a change of ten percentage points.
Read the guidePrompt
The question or instruction sent to an assistant. Save the exact wording and its context.
Read the guideQuery fan-out
Related searches an AI feature may run to build an answer. Your record may not show them.
Read the guideQuestion set
The group of questions included in a review. Keep its version when adding or removing questions.
Read the guideReferral
A recorded website visit from a source. It isn't a crawler request or an answer mention.
Read the guideRendering
Turning page code into the content a reader sees. Check which content the tested client can read.
Read the guiderobots.txt
A file that gives crawlers instructions. It doesn't show that a page was read or used in an answer.
Read the guideSample
The observations included in a review. It won't cover every customer or every possible answer.
Read the guideSEO
Search engine optimisation. Work that helps a page get crawled, indexed and shown in search results such as Google and Bing.
Read the guideService area
The places a business says it serves. A base address and a service area are different facts.
Read the guideShare of voice
A comparison under a stated counting rule and competitor set. Always show which businesses and answers were included.
Read the guideSource gap
A difference between the sources seen in two groups of answers. It doesn't explain why they differ.
Read the guideStructured data
Machine-readable labels describing page content. Check that they agree with the visible information.
Read the guideSurface
The particular app or search experience where an answer was observed. Keep it with the provider name.
Read the guideTime window
The period included in a measurement. Keep the dates and time zone with the count.
Read the guideTracked prompt
A prompt selected for repeated checks. Each tracked prompt is checked every day on the three standard assistants.
Read the guideUnavailable
The evidence for a figure is missing. That's different from a measured zero.
Read the guide- AEO
- Answer engine optimisation. Work on how information appears in direct answers, including AI answers. carqo.co.uk/resources/ai-search-basics
- AI Overview
- An AI answer shown within Google Search. Record whether it appeared and which sources it linked. carqo.co.uk/resources/google-ai-search
- AI SEO
- A label for AI search optimisation or using AI tools for SEO. Ask which meaning is intended. carqo.co.uk/resources/geo-vs-aeo-vs-ai-seo
- AI visibility
- How your business appears in the AI answers you check. Those answers are a sample of AI search. carqo.co.uk/resources/visibility-metrics
- Answer engine
- A system that responds to questions with answers. It may also show source links or search results. carqo.co.uk/resources/geo-vs-aeo-vs-ai-seo
- API capture
- An answer collected through a programming interface. It can differ from what the consumer app shows. carqo.co.uk/resources/choose-ai-surfaces
- Attribution
- The method that links a visit or outcome to a recorded source. Say what it can't see. carqo.co.uk/resources/ai-referrals
- Baseline
- The starting record you keep before a change. It needs a date and the same measurement rules. carqo.co.uk/resources/measure-progress
- Branded question
- A question that names your business. Keep these separate from questions that do not name it. carqo.co.uk/resources/question-research
- Business fact
- A detail your business can support with a current record and a named owner. carqo.co.uk/resources/business-facts
- Capture coverage
- Readable answers divided by requested attempts. Show missing captures separately. carqo.co.uk/resources/visibility-metrics
- Causation
- One change producing another. A before and after sequence alone can't show it. carqo.co.uk/resources/read-ai-research
- Citation
- A source link attached to an answer. Check which statement the linked page actually supports. carqo.co.uk/resources/mentions-and-citations
- Citation rate
- A rate calculated from a stated citation rule and a stated total. A different rule gives a different rate. carqo.co.uk/resources/visibility-metrics
- Consumer app
- The app or website a person uses to ask an assistant. Record its context separately from an API. carqo.co.uk/resources/choose-ai-surfaces
- Control
- A comparison kept apart from the change being tested. Its design affects what you can conclude. carqo.co.uk/resources/read-ai-research
- Crawler
- Software that requests website pages. A crawler visit isn't a mention, a citation or a customer visit. carqo.co.uk/resources/crawler-access
- Denominator
- The total you divide by when calculating a rate. Name the actual population it counts. carqo.co.uk/resources/visibility-metrics
- GEO
- Generative engine optimisation. Work on content visibility in generated answers. carqo.co.uk/resources/ai-search-basics
- Grounding
- Connecting an answer to supplied or retrieved information. Check that the cited source supports the statement beside it. carqo.co.uk/resources/check-source-pages
- Indexing
- A search system adding a page to its index. Being eligible and being chosen are different things. carqo.co.uk/resources/google-ai-search
- Large language model
- The kind of AI model behind assistants such as ChatGPT, Gemini and Claude. It generates text from learned patterns and the context supplied. Web access depends on the tools it is given. carqo.co.uk/resources/ai-search-basics
- Mention
- An answer names the business. It may name it without linking to the business website. carqo.co.uk/resources/mentions-and-citations
- Mention rate
- Answers naming a business divided by readable answers, under the stated counting rule. carqo.co.uk/resources/visibility-metrics
- Missing capture
- An attempted observation that produced no readable answer. It doesn't show your business was left out. carqo.co.uk/resources/answer-log
- Non-branded question
- A question that does not name your business. It can help review answers about a customer need. carqo.co.uk/resources/question-research
- Percentage point
- The difference between two percentages. Twenty to thirty percent is a change of ten percentage points. carqo.co.uk/resources/visibility-metrics
- Prompt
- The question or instruction sent to an assistant. Save the exact wording and its context. carqo.co.uk/resources/question-research
- Query fan-out
- Related searches an AI feature may run to build an answer. Your record may not show them. carqo.co.uk/resources/google-ai-search
- Question set
- The group of questions included in a review. Keep its version when adding or removing questions. carqo.co.uk/resources/question-research
- Referral
- A recorded website visit from a source. It isn't a crawler request or an answer mention. carqo.co.uk/resources/ai-referrals
- Rendering
- Turning page code into the content a reader sees. Check which content the tested client can read. carqo.co.uk/resources/crawler-access
- robots.txt
- A file that gives crawlers instructions. It doesn't show that a page was read or used in an answer. carqo.co.uk/resources/crawler-access
- Sample
- The observations included in a review. It won't cover every customer or every possible answer. carqo.co.uk/resources/read-ai-research
- SEO
- Search engine optimisation. Work that helps a page get crawled, indexed and shown in search results such as Google and Bing. carqo.co.uk/resources/geo-vs-aeo-vs-ai-seo
- Service area
- The places a business says it serves. A base address and a service area are different facts. carqo.co.uk/resources/local-business
- Share of voice
- A comparison under a stated counting rule and competitor set. Always show which businesses and answers were included. carqo.co.uk/resources/compare-businesses
- Source gap
- A difference between the sources seen in two groups of answers. It doesn't explain why they differ. carqo.co.uk/resources/check-source-pages
- Structured data
- Machine-readable labels describing page content. Check that they agree with the visible information. carqo.co.uk/resources/structured-data
- Surface
- The particular app or search experience where an answer was observed. Keep it with the provider name. carqo.co.uk/resources/choose-ai-surfaces
- Time window
- The period included in a measurement. Keep the dates and time zone with the count. carqo.co.uk/resources/measure-progress
- Tracked prompt
- A prompt selected for repeated checks. Each tracked prompt is checked every day on the three standard assistants. carqo.co.uk/resources/question-research
- Unavailable
- The evidence for a figure is missing. That's different from a measured zero. carqo.co.uk/resources/visibility-metrics
Answers and questions
A prompt is what is sent to the service. An answer is what comes back, with a particular conversation and collection context.
GEO means generative engine optimisation. It covers content visibility in generated answers.
AI search is a search experience where an assistant answers the question. A prompt is what you give the assistant.
A question set is a versioned group of questions used for a review. A surface is the app or API where an answer was recorded.
Mentions and sources
A business name in a reply and a link to a page are different observations. Neither word should stand in for a customer visit.
A consulted source is one a tool records as consulted. It can differ from the visible citations.
An owned source is a page your business controls. An external source is a page another publisher controls.
Access and pages
A crawler is software that requests pages. Crawling is requesting and reading them.
Indexing means a search system has added information to its searchable collection. Being able to reach a page isn't the same as being indexed.
Robots.txt is a file of crawler instructions. Structured data is a machine-readable description of page content.
A canonical URL is the preferred address for a page. Rendering produces the content a browser or other reader can use.
Measurement
A count tells you how many recorded items meet a rule. A rate also needs the total against which those items were counted.
A numerator is the count you're measuring. A denominator is the total you compare it against.
Coverage is what a dataset includes and misses. Attribution links a recorded action to a source using a stated method.
Comparisons and limits
A comparison applies a stated rule to a chosen sample. Unknown information should remain unknown rather than being converted into a negative finding.
Correlation means two things move together. Causation means one helps produce the other. A before and after change alone doesn't show that.
Not connected means the measurement connection is missing. Not measured means the event hasn't been measured.
Terms that sound alike
Be specific when a label covers several activities. A recommendation is more than a passing mention, and a source citation is not an endorsement.
Discovery is an observed appearance. A referral is a recorded website visit. Neither follows automatically from website readiness.
Use the term that matches your evidence. If you checked a page, call it a page check and don't report increased customer discovery.
Words to keep beside a percentage
Name the numerator, denominator and reporting scope in ordinary words. A percentage is difficult to interpret when the underlying sample is hidden.
Coverage says which questions, assistants, places and periods you checked. A question set version identifies the exact list.
A failed attempt is unavailable evidence. Leaving it out of successful answer totals is fine as long as you say it failed.
Methods and surfaces
A consumer surface is the assistant interface a person uses. An API is a programming interface. A result from one doesn't tell you about the other.
A manual recording is evidence someone saved from a session. A fixture is a prepared test example, and fixtures don't belong in customer results.
An illustrative demonstration explains a method with made up information. Don't mistake its figures for measurements of a real business.
Using the vocabulary in a report
Choose words that match the actual record. Link an unfamiliar term to its definition without using specialist language to exaggerate the finding.
Keep unknown, not connected and measured zero apart. Unknown means the evidence is absent. Not connected describes an integration. Zero needs a working measurement.
When a technical word doesn't help the reader decide what to do, replace it with the event or fact you checked.
A worked example
A report uses two different evidence labels.
| Detail | Observation | Review or next step |
|---|---|---|
| Not connected | No analytics integration is available. | No referral total can be reported. |
| Measured zero | A working event report has no matching events. | State the event and the date window you checked. |
These labels describe different situations. Don't swap one in for unknown evidence.
Common questions
What is the difference between unknown and zero?
Unknown means the evidence is missing or can't be established. Zero is a count from a defined, working measurement. State the period and coverage before you report a zero.
What does source mean here?
In an answer review it usually means a page the assistant linked. In a business fact register it means the record that backs a fact. Say which you mean.
What is the difference between unknown and zero?
Unknown means the evidence is missing or can't be established. Zero is a count from a defined, working measurement. State the period and coverage before you report a zero.
What does source mean here?
In an answer review it usually means a page the assistant linked. In a business fact register it means the record that backs a fact. Say which you mean.
Check your understanding
What does unavailable mean in a measurement?
Read the answer and explanation
- The measured result is zero.
- The evidence needed for a figure is missing.
- The business never appears anywhere.
Answer. The evidence needed for a figure is missing.
Unavailable and measured zero describe different evidence, so keep them apart.
Answer and explanation
The evidence needed for a figure is missing.
Unavailable and measured zero describe different evidence, so keep them apart.
Your next steps
Sources and method
A Carqo review method. Provider statements link to the relevant documentation.
- Google introduction to robots.txt Link checked 13 October 2026
- Google introduction to structured data Link checked 4 November 2026
- Google Analytics channel definitions Link checked 4 November 2026