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AI search glossary

Find plain definitions for AI search terms and learn which evidence belongs with each word in a report.

By Mahinor Zaman

Published

Updated

About 9 minutes to read

Terms A to Z

AEO

Answer engine optimisation. Work on how information appears in direct answers, including AI answers.

Read the guide
AI Overview

An AI answer shown within Google Search. Record whether it appeared and which sources it linked.

Read the guide
AI SEO

A label for AI search optimisation or using AI tools for SEO. Ask which meaning is intended.

Read the guide
AI visibility

How your business appears in the AI answers you check. Those answers are a sample of AI search.

Read the guide
Answer engine

A system that responds to questions with answers. It may also show source links or search results.

Read the guide
API capture

An answer collected through a programming interface. It can differ from what the consumer app shows.

Read the guide
Attribution

The method that links a visit or outcome to a recorded source. Say what it can't see.

Read the guide
Baseline

The starting record you keep before a change. It needs a date and the same measurement rules.

Read the guide
Branded question

A question that names your business. Keep these separate from questions that do not name it.

Read the guide
Business fact

A detail your business can support with a current record and a named owner.

Read the guide
Capture coverage

Readable answers divided by requested attempts. Show missing captures separately.

Read the guide
Causation

One change producing another. A before and after sequence alone can't show it.

Read the guide
Citation

A source link attached to an answer. Check which statement the linked page actually supports.

Read the guide
Citation rate

A rate calculated from a stated citation rule and a stated total. A different rule gives a different rate.

Read the guide
Consumer app

The app or website a person uses to ask an assistant. Record its context separately from an API.

Read the guide
Control

A comparison kept apart from the change being tested. Its design affects what you can conclude.

Read the guide
Crawler

Software that requests website pages. A crawler visit isn't a mention, a citation or a customer visit.

Read the guide
Denominator

The total you divide by when calculating a rate. Name the actual population it counts.

Read the guide
GEO

Generative engine optimisation. Work on content visibility in generated answers.

Read the guide
Grounding

Connecting an answer to supplied or retrieved information. Check that the cited source supports the statement beside it.

Read the guide
Indexing

A search system adding a page to its index. Being eligible and being chosen are different things.

Read the guide
Large language model

The kind of AI model behind assistants such as ChatGPT, Gemini and Claude. It generates text from learned patterns and the context supplied. Web access depends on the tools it is given.

Read the guide
Mention

An answer names the business. It may name it without linking to the business website.

Read the guide
Mention rate

Answers naming a business divided by readable answers, under the stated counting rule.

Read the guide
Missing capture

An attempted observation that produced no readable answer. It doesn't show your business was left out.

Read the guide
Non-branded question

A question that does not name your business. It can help review answers about a customer need.

Read the guide
Percentage point

The difference between two percentages. Twenty to thirty percent is a change of ten percentage points.

Read the guide
Prompt

The question or instruction sent to an assistant. Save the exact wording and its context.

Read the guide
Query fan-out

Related searches an AI feature may run to build an answer. Your record may not show them.

Read the guide
Question set

The group of questions included in a review. Keep its version when adding or removing questions.

Read the guide
Referral

A recorded website visit from a source. It isn't a crawler request or an answer mention.

Read the guide
Rendering

Turning page code into the content a reader sees. Check which content the tested client can read.

Read the guide
robots.txt

A file that gives crawlers instructions. It doesn't show that a page was read or used in an answer.

Read the guide
Sample

The observations included in a review. It won't cover every customer or every possible answer.

Read the guide
SEO

Search engine optimisation. Work that helps a page get crawled, indexed and shown in search results such as Google and Bing.

Read the guide
Service area

The places a business says it serves. A base address and a service area are different facts.

Read the guide
Share of voice

A comparison under a stated counting rule and competitor set. Always show which businesses and answers were included.

Read the guide
Source gap

A difference between the sources seen in two groups of answers. It doesn't explain why they differ.

Read the guide
Structured data

Machine-readable labels describing page content. Check that they agree with the visible information.

Read the guide
Surface

The particular app or search experience where an answer was observed. Keep it with the provider name.

Read the guide
Time window

The period included in a measurement. Keep the dates and time zone with the count.

Read the guide
Tracked prompt

A prompt selected for repeated checks. Each tracked prompt is checked every day on the three standard assistants.

Read the guide
Unavailable

The evidence for a figure is missing. That's different from a measured zero.

Read the guide
AEO
Answer engine optimisation. Work on how information appears in direct answers, including AI answers. carqo.co.uk/resources/ai-search-basics
AI Overview
An AI answer shown within Google Search. Record whether it appeared and which sources it linked. carqo.co.uk/resources/google-ai-search
AI SEO
A label for AI search optimisation or using AI tools for SEO. Ask which meaning is intended. carqo.co.uk/resources/geo-vs-aeo-vs-ai-seo
AI visibility
How your business appears in the AI answers you check. Those answers are a sample of AI search. carqo.co.uk/resources/visibility-metrics
Answer engine
A system that responds to questions with answers. It may also show source links or search results. carqo.co.uk/resources/geo-vs-aeo-vs-ai-seo
API capture
An answer collected through a programming interface. It can differ from what the consumer app shows. carqo.co.uk/resources/choose-ai-surfaces
Attribution
The method that links a visit or outcome to a recorded source. Say what it can't see. carqo.co.uk/resources/ai-referrals
Baseline
The starting record you keep before a change. It needs a date and the same measurement rules. carqo.co.uk/resources/measure-progress
Branded question
A question that names your business. Keep these separate from questions that do not name it. carqo.co.uk/resources/question-research
Business fact
A detail your business can support with a current record and a named owner. carqo.co.uk/resources/business-facts
Capture coverage
Readable answers divided by requested attempts. Show missing captures separately. carqo.co.uk/resources/visibility-metrics
Causation
One change producing another. A before and after sequence alone can't show it. carqo.co.uk/resources/read-ai-research
Citation
A source link attached to an answer. Check which statement the linked page actually supports. carqo.co.uk/resources/mentions-and-citations
Citation rate
A rate calculated from a stated citation rule and a stated total. A different rule gives a different rate. carqo.co.uk/resources/visibility-metrics
Consumer app
The app or website a person uses to ask an assistant. Record its context separately from an API. carqo.co.uk/resources/choose-ai-surfaces
Control
A comparison kept apart from the change being tested. Its design affects what you can conclude. carqo.co.uk/resources/read-ai-research
Crawler
Software that requests website pages. A crawler visit isn't a mention, a citation or a customer visit. carqo.co.uk/resources/crawler-access
Denominator
The total you divide by when calculating a rate. Name the actual population it counts. carqo.co.uk/resources/visibility-metrics
GEO
Generative engine optimisation. Work on content visibility in generated answers. carqo.co.uk/resources/ai-search-basics
Grounding
Connecting an answer to supplied or retrieved information. Check that the cited source supports the statement beside it. carqo.co.uk/resources/check-source-pages
Indexing
A search system adding a page to its index. Being eligible and being chosen are different things. carqo.co.uk/resources/google-ai-search
Large language model
The kind of AI model behind assistants such as ChatGPT, Gemini and Claude. It generates text from learned patterns and the context supplied. Web access depends on the tools it is given. carqo.co.uk/resources/ai-search-basics
Mention
An answer names the business. It may name it without linking to the business website. carqo.co.uk/resources/mentions-and-citations
Mention rate
Answers naming a business divided by readable answers, under the stated counting rule. carqo.co.uk/resources/visibility-metrics
Missing capture
An attempted observation that produced no readable answer. It doesn't show your business was left out. carqo.co.uk/resources/answer-log
Non-branded question
A question that does not name your business. It can help review answers about a customer need. carqo.co.uk/resources/question-research
Percentage point
The difference between two percentages. Twenty to thirty percent is a change of ten percentage points. carqo.co.uk/resources/visibility-metrics
Prompt
The question or instruction sent to an assistant. Save the exact wording and its context. carqo.co.uk/resources/question-research
Query fan-out
Related searches an AI feature may run to build an answer. Your record may not show them. carqo.co.uk/resources/google-ai-search
Question set
The group of questions included in a review. Keep its version when adding or removing questions. carqo.co.uk/resources/question-research
Referral
A recorded website visit from a source. It isn't a crawler request or an answer mention. carqo.co.uk/resources/ai-referrals
Rendering
Turning page code into the content a reader sees. Check which content the tested client can read. carqo.co.uk/resources/crawler-access
robots.txt
A file that gives crawlers instructions. It doesn't show that a page was read or used in an answer. carqo.co.uk/resources/crawler-access
Sample
The observations included in a review. It won't cover every customer or every possible answer. carqo.co.uk/resources/read-ai-research
SEO
Search engine optimisation. Work that helps a page get crawled, indexed and shown in search results such as Google and Bing. carqo.co.uk/resources/geo-vs-aeo-vs-ai-seo
Service area
The places a business says it serves. A base address and a service area are different facts. carqo.co.uk/resources/local-business
Share of voice
A comparison under a stated counting rule and competitor set. Always show which businesses and answers were included. carqo.co.uk/resources/compare-businesses
Source gap
A difference between the sources seen in two groups of answers. It doesn't explain why they differ. carqo.co.uk/resources/check-source-pages
Structured data
Machine-readable labels describing page content. Check that they agree with the visible information. carqo.co.uk/resources/structured-data
Surface
The particular app or search experience where an answer was observed. Keep it with the provider name. carqo.co.uk/resources/choose-ai-surfaces
Time window
The period included in a measurement. Keep the dates and time zone with the count. carqo.co.uk/resources/measure-progress
Tracked prompt
A prompt selected for repeated checks. Each tracked prompt is checked every day on the three standard assistants. carqo.co.uk/resources/question-research
Unavailable
The evidence for a figure is missing. That's different from a measured zero. carqo.co.uk/resources/visibility-metrics

Answers and questions

A prompt is what is sent to the service. An answer is what comes back, with a particular conversation and collection context.

GEO means generative engine optimisation. It covers content visibility in generated answers.

AI search is a search experience where an assistant answers the question. A prompt is what you give the assistant.

A question set is a versioned group of questions used for a review. A surface is the app or API where an answer was recorded.

Mentions and sources

A business name in a reply and a link to a page are different observations. Neither word should stand in for a customer visit.

A consulted source is one a tool records as consulted. It can differ from the visible citations.

An owned source is a page your business controls. An external source is a page another publisher controls.

Access and pages

A crawler is software that requests pages. Crawling is requesting and reading them.

Indexing means a search system has added information to its searchable collection. Being able to reach a page isn't the same as being indexed.

Robots.txt is a file of crawler instructions. Structured data is a machine-readable description of page content.

A canonical URL is the preferred address for a page. Rendering produces the content a browser or other reader can use.

Measurement

A count tells you how many recorded items meet a rule. A rate also needs the total against which those items were counted.

A numerator is the count you're measuring. A denominator is the total you compare it against.

Coverage is what a dataset includes and misses. Attribution links a recorded action to a source using a stated method.

Comparisons and limits

A comparison applies a stated rule to a chosen sample. Unknown information should remain unknown rather than being converted into a negative finding.

Correlation means two things move together. Causation means one helps produce the other. A before and after change alone doesn't show that.

Not connected means the measurement connection is missing. Not measured means the event hasn't been measured.

Terms that sound alike

Be specific when a label covers several activities. A recommendation is more than a passing mention, and a source citation is not an endorsement.

Discovery is an observed appearance. A referral is a recorded website visit. Neither follows automatically from website readiness.

Use the term that matches your evidence. If you checked a page, call it a page check and don't report increased customer discovery.

Words to keep beside a percentage

Name the numerator, denominator and reporting scope in ordinary words. A percentage is difficult to interpret when the underlying sample is hidden.

Coverage says which questions, assistants, places and periods you checked. A question set version identifies the exact list.

A failed attempt is unavailable evidence. Leaving it out of successful answer totals is fine as long as you say it failed.

Methods and surfaces

A consumer surface is the assistant interface a person uses. An API is a programming interface. A result from one doesn't tell you about the other.

A manual recording is evidence someone saved from a session. A fixture is a prepared test example, and fixtures don't belong in customer results.

An illustrative demonstration explains a method with made up information. Don't mistake its figures for measurements of a real business.

Using the vocabulary in a report

Choose words that match the actual record. Link an unfamiliar term to its definition without using specialist language to exaggerate the finding.

Keep unknown, not connected and measured zero apart. Unknown means the evidence is absent. Not connected describes an integration. Zero needs a working measurement.

When a technical word doesn't help the reader decide what to do, replace it with the event or fact you checked.

A worked example

A report uses two different evidence labels.

Observed detail and the review to make next
DetailObservationReview or next step
Not connectedNo analytics integration is available.No referral total can be reported.
Measured zeroA working event report has no matching events.State the event and the date window you checked.

These labels describe different situations. Don't swap one in for unknown evidence.

Common questions

What is the difference between unknown and zero?

Unknown means the evidence is missing or can't be established. Zero is a count from a defined, working measurement. State the period and coverage before you report a zero.

What does source mean here?

In an answer review it usually means a page the assistant linked. In a business fact register it means the record that backs a fact. Say which you mean.

What is the difference between unknown and zero?

Unknown means the evidence is missing or can't be established. Zero is a count from a defined, working measurement. State the period and coverage before you report a zero.

What does source mean here?

In an answer review it usually means a page the assistant linked. In a business fact register it means the record that backs a fact. Say which you mean.

Check your understanding

What does unavailable mean in a measurement?

Read the answer and explanation
  • The measured result is zero.
  • The evidence needed for a figure is missing.
  • The business never appears anywhere.

Answer. The evidence needed for a figure is missing.

Unavailable and measured zero describe different evidence, so keep them apart.

Answer and explanation

The evidence needed for a figure is missing.

Unavailable and measured zero describe different evidence, so keep them apart.

Your next steps

Sources and method

A Carqo review method. Provider statements link to the relevant documentation.

Suggest a correction